Chapter 2

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Chapter 2

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

According to the theory of ____, a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys.

a.	independence	c.	bicameralism
b.	mercantilism	d.	confederation

The ____ levied taxes on basic goods imported to the colonies from Great Britain.

a.	Stamp Act	c.	Tea Act
b.	Declaratory Act	d.	Townshend Acts

Which of the following is NOT one of the four sources of American law?

a.	common law	c.	Native American law
b.	constitutional law	d.	equity law

Statutory law is law that is made by national, state, and local

a.	executives	c.	artists
b.	citizens	d.	legislatures

What does Tompkins S. Matteson’s Signing the Compact on Board the Mayflower suggest about the role of women in Pilgrim society?

a.	They enjoy equal status with men.
b.	They observe but do not participate in official functions.
c.	They enjoy status superior to that of men.
d.	We can’t know, because no women are depicted in the painting.

What were the two main products of the colony of Georgia?

a.	tobacco and iron	c.	cattle and furs
b.	indigo and rice	d.	lumber and fish

All but which piece of information would you have to know to understand the point of this editorial cartoon?

a.	what a mercenary is
b.	that the figures are Revolutionary War soldiers at Valley Forge
c.	what conditions and pay were like for soldiers at Valley Forge
d.	that George Washington held the Revolutionary Army together

After many colonial protests, the British repealed all the taxes on goods except for the tax on tea. At the same time, they increased patrols in American waters to catch smugglers. According to an account by a young American, Ephraim Brown, however, the commander of the Gaspee “made it his practice to stop and board all vessels entering or leaving the port of Rhode Island,” not just smugglers. In the following excerpt from Brown’s account, he tells how the Gaspee sailed into trouble one day..

On the 10th day of June, 1772, Capt. Thomas Lindsey left Newport in his packet for Providence, about noon, with the wind at North; and soon after, the Gaspee was under sail, in pursuit of Lindsey, and continued the chase as far as Namquit Point. . . . Lindsey was standing easterly, with the tide on ebb about two hours, when he hove about, at the end of Namquit Point, and stood to the westward, and Duddingston in close chase, changed his course and ran on the Point, near its end, and grounded. Lindsey continued on his course up the river, and arrived at Providence about sunset, when he immediately informed Mr. John Brown, one of our first and most respectable merchants, of the situation of the Gaspee. He immediately concluded that she would remain immovable until after midnight, and that now an opportunity offered of putting an end to the trouble and vexation she daily caused.

How did the Gaspee get into a vulnerable position?

a.	It used all its ammunition.	c.	It stopped and boarded an armed ship.
b.	It ran aground.	d.	It docked near Providence.

In response to Parliament's "Intolerable Acts," harsh laws designed to punish Boston for resisting British authority, the First Continental Congress met at Philadelphia in 1774, with all colonies represented except Georgia. A committee was formed to draw up a declaration of rights and a list of cases in which those rights had been violated. This excerpt, from the committee’s report, asserts an important right.

...the foundation of English liberty, and of all free government, is a right in the people to participate in their legislative council: and as the English colonists are not represented, and from their local and other circumstances, cannot properly be represented in the British parliament, they are entitled to a free and exclusive power of legislation in their several provincial legislatures, where their right of representation can alone be preserved, in all cases of taxation and internal polity, subject only to the negative of their sovereign, in such manner as has been heretofore used and accustomed. But, from the necessity of the case, and a regard to the mutual interest of both countries, we cheerfully consent to the operation of such acts of the British parliament, as are bona fide, restrained to the regulation of our external commerce, for the purpose of securing the commercial advantages of the whole empire to the mother country, and the commercial benefits of its respective members; excluding every idea of taxation, internal or external, for raising a revenue on the subjects in America, without their consent.

According to the authors of the Declaration of the First Conmtinental Congress, what right are the colonists entitled to?

a.	the right to be represented in the British parliament
b.	the right to make laws through colonial legislatures
c.	the right to regulate Britain’s commerce
d.	the right to vote for Britain’s leaders

A month after the fighting at Lexington and Concord, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and appointed a committee to state the case for continued resistance to Britain. The following excerpt is from the declaration drafted mainly by Thomas Jefferson and John Dickinson.

. . . We are reduced to the alternative of chusing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force.—The latter is our choice.—We have counted the cost of this contest, and find nothing so dreadful as voluntary slavery.—Honour, justice, and humanity, forbid us tamely to surrender that freedom which we received from our gallant ancestors, and which our innocent posterity have a right to receive from us. We cannot endure the infamy and guilt of resigning succeeding generations to that wretchedness which . . . awaits them, if we basely entail hereditary bondage upon them.

Our cause is just. Our union is perfect. Our internal resources are great, and, if necessary, foreign assistance is undoubtedly attainable.

10.

According to the Declaration of the Second Continental Congress, what is the colonies’ only alternative to war with Great Britain?

a.	further negotiation	c.	appealing to posterity
b.	appeal to other nations	d.	unconditional surrender

Completion

Complete each sentence or statement.

11.

American property, contract, and personal injury laws are based on English ____________________ law.

12.

A written document granting land and the authority to set up colonial governments is called a ____________________.

13.

The Mayflower ____________________ was an agreement, or contract, among the Pilgrims establishing how the colony would be run.

14.

Because of high taxes, many colonists decided to refuse to buy British goods. This refusal to buy particular goods or services is called a ____________________, and is still used as a tool of economic protest.

15.

The Articles of ____________________ was the first attempt at a constitution.

16.

Any attempt to ____________________ the Articles of Confederation required a unanimous vote.

17.

The colonists’ boycott caused Parliament to rescind, or ____________________, the Stamp Act.

18.

All 13 states approved, or ____________________, the Articles of Confederation.

19.

Twelve colonies sent representatives, or ____________________, to the First Continental Congress.

20.

There are three branches of our government. These are the judicial (the courts), the executive (the president), and the ____________________ (the Senate and House of Representatives).

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a.	Thomas Jefferson	f.	Thomas Paine
b.	House of Burgesses	g.	mercantilism
c.	independence	h.	boycott
d.	Daniel Shays	i.	Parliament
e.	precedent	j.	Townshend Acts

21.

drew up the English Bill of Rights in 1689

22.

a ruling in an earlier legal case that is similar to a current case

23.

the first representative assembly, or legislature, in the English colonies

24.

the theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys

25.

laws that levied taxes on basic goods imported to the colonies from Great Britain

26.

self-reliance and freedom from outside control

27.

author of Common Sense

28.

did most of the work on the Declaration of Independence

29.

led an armed uprising of about 1,200 farmers on a federal arsenal

30.

forced Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act